Desegregation busing in the United States is the practiced attempt to remedy past racial discrimination in American public schools by assigning and transporting children to specific schools in an effort to achieve integration. Brown vs Board of Education and other federal cases overturned racial segregation, but it was the landmark 1971 U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, that cleared the way for school districts to use mandatory busing and race-based student assignment as tools to achieve integration in the 1970's and 80's.